Quiz+II+theorist+study+guide

The remaining 11 are here wish I could have included all of your fine details in the summaries but time was an issue... someone can edit the font to make it look pretty...please make sure there are no errors from my cutting, pasting and editing, many thanks dr mc

if someone wants to make them look uniform please do ...

 After helplessly watching people jumping from the zeppelin at the //Hindenburg//disaster when I was 18, I vowed that I would learn nursing. I dedicated my life to nursing and, as a researcher and educator, helped change the profession’s focus from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach with such innovations as the Patient Assessment of Care Evaluation (PACE). ** My patient centered approach to nursing was developed from my practice and is considered to be a human needs theory. I grouped nursing into 21 problem areas guiding patient care and promoting the use of nursing judgment. These areas address the biological, psychological, and social areas of patient care. I feel that the nurse needs knowledge on basic science and specific nursing skills, as well as knowledge skills in the communication, psychology, sociology, growth and development and interpersonal realations...I believe that nursing is focused on meeting a patient's total health needs. ** I served as a public health nurse for 40 years, educating Americans about the needs of the elderly, AIDS, addiction, smoking, and violence. In 1981, under US Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, I became the first nurse and the first woman to hold the position of Deputy Surgeon General of the United States. My career was further recognized in 2000 with an induction into The National Women's Hall of Fame. Who am I? **Faye Abdellah**

 This nurse has published numerous books, including her theory on skill acquisition and clinical judgment in nursing practice. In one of her best known books, is entitled “From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice” (1984), she acknowledged the importance of experiences in addition to knowledge for the acquisition of nursing skills. Her work is often referred to as we model the nurses progression during their nursing career beginning as novice and advancing toward expert keeping in mind when a person changes clinical areas or settings they must recognize the transition to advanced beginner when they are outside their area of expertise. She identified five stages of skill acquisition in nursing development: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Her model is widely used in practice and research both in the United States and internationally. She is currently a professor at the School of Nursing at University of California, San Francisco. PATRICIA BENNER

 I am known for the 3 C’s: CORE, CARE and CURE. **Core** is the person or patient to whom nursing care is directed and needed. The core has goals set by himself and not by any other person. **Care** is based in the natural and biological sciences, includes the intimate aspects of bodily care, and is exclusive to nursing. **Cure** is the attention given to patients by the medical professionals. My models three interrelated circles represent the medical and clinical management nurses give to patients. I received my knowledge from my psychiatry and nursing experiences in the Loeb Center the framework which I used to formulate my theory of nursing. My 3 C’s model for nursing provides a framework to encourage open communication between both patients and nurses. Who Am I ?? **Lydia E. Hall**

**I developed comfort theory in 1990s. I described comfort as existing in 3 forms: relief, ease, and transcendence. I also described 4 contexts in which patient comfort can occur: physical, psycho spiritual, environmental, and sociocultural. An example of relief comfort is when a patient’s pain is relieved by a prescribed pain medication. If a patient is content, he/she is experiencing ease comfort like when an issue causing anxiety is addressed. Transcendence is described when a patient can rise above challenges. I described HCN health care needs as those identified by the patient and family in a practice setting. Intervening variables are factors that are unlikely to change like prognosis and social support. Comfort is the immediate desirable outcome of nursing care according to Comfort Theory. Comfort Theory describes nursing as the process of assessing a patient’s comfort needs and then developing and implanting interventions and then re-evaluating patient’s comfort. Assessment can be objective or subjective. Katharine Kolcaba**

===This person considered nursing to be both a science and an art. She felt that nurses should focus on the patient and not on the actual disease itself. She felt every patient underwent both internal and external stressors and that each patient expressed these stressors in different and unique ways. She felt it was the nurse’s duty to the patient to help remove the stressor and regain equilibrium for the patient. This theorist stated that each person was a system composed of 8 subsystems, which include ingestive, eliminative, affiliative, dependency, sexual, aggressive-protective, achievement, and restorative. She felt that the goal of nursing was to reach a place where these 8 subsystems remained stable.** Dorothy Johnson ** ===

** The use of my theory assures that patients will be treated as individuals and they will have active and constant input into their own care. It prevents inaccurate diagnosis or ineffective plans because the nurse has to constantly explore her reactions with the patient. It provides for the assertion of nursing’s independence as a profession and her belief that this independence must be based on a sound theoretical frame work. My theory guides the nurse to evaluate her care in terms of objectively observable patient outcomes. It helps make evaluation a less time consuming and more deliberate function, the results of which would be documented in patients’ charts. My work in mental health research formed the basis of my theory which was published in my 1961 book, //The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship//. ** **Ida Jean Orlando**

I first published my theory in 1981 titled "A Man-living-health" theory. The title was later changed in 1992 to remove the term "man" and broaden the application of my theory. I believe nurses should focus on the patient's quality of life when giving care and should not seek to "fix" the problem. I structured my theory around three interlocking themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence. Currently, I am a a consultant for New York University's College of Nursing and editor of //Nursing Science Quarterly .// My achievements are many, but I am most known for theory of human becoming which is a nursing perspective of the quality of one’s life and the right of human dignity from the patient and family point of view. ** I believe the goal of nursing is to help people achieve a quality of life from their own perspective, using meaning (patient’s values), rhythmicity (relationships), and transcendence (personal journey) as themes.** Who am I? **- //Rosemarie Rizzo Parse// **

I developed the Health Promotion Model that is used internationally for Research, Education, and Practice. During my active research career, I conducted research testing on the Health Promotion Model with adults and adolescents. I also developed the program “Girls on the Move” in collaboration with my research team and began intervention research into the usefulness of the model, in helping adolescents adopt physical active lifestyles; developing a number of instruments that measure components of the model. I taught doctoral students at University of Michigan School Of Nursing and Dr. McCook is one of my former students. I am still active, even in retirement as I consult on Health Promotion research nationally and internationally. Who am I? **Nola Pender**

 I share a birthday with Florence Nightingale. I began my academic career at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville in 1931. My nursing theory is “Unitary Human Being” which identifies the phenomena that is the center of nursing purpose, the person as a unified whole. **There are four basic concepts to my model: energy fields, openness, pattern, and four-dimensionality (also referred to as pandimensionality). Humans and environment do not have energy fields, they are energy fields. The human being and the environment cannot be understood in isolation of each other. Openness is characteristic of both humans and the environment, transcends through time and space and is integral with one another. Pattern refers to characteristics of an energy field perceived as a single wave, refers only to an energy field (of man and environment) and changes continuously. Four-dimensionality refers to energy fields (man and environment) not being bound by time or space.** I love the color purple. Who am I? //**- Martha Rogers **//

 While working at a Catholic charity hospital, I was struck by the lack of compassion the staff demonstrated to the patients. I warned my peers that this may lead our clients to search out "a new and different kind of health care worker." These concerns lead me to call for a "humanistic revolution" and to reemphasize the central role that compassion must play in our field. I **encourage "genuine" nurse to patient, human to human relationships. I have also worked to encourage helping the family find meaning in their suffering.** I formulated my Human-to-Human Relationship Model presented in my work entitled //Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing// (1966, 1971). My legacy can be seen in the hospice movement. Who am I? //**-**// //**Joyce Travelbee**//

 ** The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing :** I believe that there are __four main elements__ to clinical nursing: **//a//** **//philosophy//**, **//a//** **//purpose//**, **//a//** **//practice//** and **//the art//**. A nurse’s **__philosophy__** reflects his/her attitude and beliefs shaped by personal experience that should include //three components//: a reverence for life; a respect for all people’s dignity, worth, autonomy and individuality; and a resolution to act on personally and professionally held beliefs. The nurse’s **__purpose__** is defined by what he/she wants to accomplish through what he/she does for the overall good of the patient. A nurse’s feelings and beliefs are observed in his/her actions (**__practice__**) to meet the patient’s need for help. The **__art__** of nursing includes: understanding the patient’s needs and concerns; developing goals and actions meant to improve the patient’s ability and directing medical plan activities to improve the patient’s condition including prevention of complications leading to reoccurrence or new concerns. To sum up my philosophy: I believe that my primary goal is to identify a patient’s need for help. Who am I? **ErnestineWiedenbach**

Here is the key to the original 15 1. Which nurse defined the role of nursing (i.e. placing their primary focus on the patient), specified the 14 functions of basic nursing care, and laid the foundation for evidence based nursing practice? They defined the role of nursing "as doing things for patients that they would do for themselves". ** Virginia Henderson **

My Conceptual model is focused on the patients' actions to meet their own therapeutic demands. The goal of nursing is to move a patient toward responsible self-care or meet existing health care needs of those who have health care deficits. To move the patient from dependency to independence, totally or with adaptive equipment with the environment, forms an integrated, functional whole. Who am I? ** Dorothy Orem **
 * 2 **.

Transcultural nursing focuses on a comparative study and analysis of different cultures and subcultures in the world regarding their caring behavior, nursing care, health-illness values, and patterns of behavior. Nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession that focuses on personalized care behaviors, functions, and processes that have physical, psycho cultural and social significance or meaning. The goal of nursing is to facilitate individuals to regain or maintain health in a way that is culturally congruent, or to help people face handicaps or death. Conceptual framework is focused on cultural care and health. ** Madeleine Leininger **
 * 3 **.

Who theorized that in all settings of nursing a client's goals are met through the interaction between client and nurse in her theory of goal attainment? Who is the nursing theorist that developed a model which seeks to integrate the personal, interpersonal, and social systems that influence the patient's health? ** Imogene King **
 * 4 **.

I introduced the first midwifery service in the United States and founded the Frontier Nursing Service which lowered the infant and maternal mortality rate of rural Appalachia. Eighty-five years ago my service began with "Nurses on Horseback" and has evolved to include a hospital, home health agency, rural healthcare clinics and a school of nurse midwifery and family nursing. Who am I? ** Mary Carson Breckenridge **
 * 5 **.

Who was the first African American public health nurse, hired in 1902 by the charity organization, to visit African American families infected by TB and is credited with paving the way for African American nurses in the practice of community health. ** Jessie Sleet Scales **
 * 6 **.

She wrote the classic book "Nursing - Human Science & Human Care" which explores the balance between science and nursing that is the basis of the nursing profession. She draws from the works of Eastern and Western philosophers and emphasizes that the role that nursing plays in our society is based on human care. The practice of nursing is different from curing. It is a transpersonal relationship that includes, but is not limit to ten caritas factors. ** Jean Watson **
 * 7 **.

Who was the nurse responsible for establishing the first ideas and definitions of Nursing? A service to mankind intended to relieve and pain and suffering. Nursing's role is to promote or provide the proper environment for patients. The goal of nursing is to promote the reparative process by manipulating the environment. ** Florence Nightingale **
 * 8 **.

I worked as a nurse on the Lower East Side of New York City. The year was 1912. I spent my time working with immigrant families. After a bad experience, I devoted my life to teaching women about birth control. I published a pamphlet on reproductive anatomy and sexual development, becoming the first advocate for sex education. I was an American birth control activist, advocate of eugenics, and founder of the American Birth Control League. ** Margaret Sanger **
 * 9 **.

This nurse theorized that health as an expanding consciousness was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible. This consciousness is a process of becoming more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world. ** Margaret Newman **
 * 10 **.

I was a nurse, social worker, public health official, teacher, author, editor, publisher, activist for peace, women's, children's and civil rights. I was the founder of American community nursing and regarded as the founder of visiting nursing in the United States and Canada. (hint: I also started Henry Street Settlement with help from another leader) Who is credited with creating the title "public health nurse"? ** Lillian Wald **
 * 11 **.

I drew my inspiration from the resiliency of children. My model includes the adaptive system with cognator and regulator subsystems acting to maintain adaptation in 4 adaptive modes, which are as follows: 1. physiologic-physical, 2. self-concept-group identity, 3. role function and 4. interdependence. To summarize my model it is a problem solving approach for gathering data, identifying the capacities and needs of humans, selecting and implementing approaches for nursing care and evaluation of the care provided. Who am I? ** Sister Calista Roy **
 * 12 **.

This person developed a conceptual framework that views the person as a layered, multidimensional entity in constant flux and flow with the environment. The layering in the model represents various methods of coping and defense to protect the person, with a focus on stress and feedback. views nursing as a "unique profession in that it is concerned with all of the variables affecting the individual's response to stress. Major concern for the nurse is keeping the client system stable through accuracy in assessment of effects and possible effects of environmental stressors ** Betty Neuman **
 * 13 **.

This person developed the seven nursing roles, and composed the developmental stages of the nurse-client relationship. She believed that nurses could facilitate a "shared-experience" through observation, description, formulation, interpretation, validation and intervention. ** Hildegard Peplau **
 * 14 **.

Who was the woman who founded an American branch of the Red Cross in 1881 and expanded the organizational mission to include response to any great national disaster--not just humanitarian aid in war? Had it not been for the early work and philosophy of this early pioneer in healthcare, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may not have been established. One of her first macro level nursing services was to Cuban citizens and American military personnel during the Spanish-American war. In addition, she also started American disaster relief efforts. ** Clara Barton **
 * 15 **.